The Athlete’s explanation that the 19-NA in her sample resulted from her consumption of the meat of an uncastrated boar simply cannot be accepted. The explanation pre-supposes a cascade of factual and scientific improbabilities, which means that its composite probability is (very) close to zero:
o First, the Athlete would have had to have been served pork at the food truck despite ordering beef.
o Second, the pork consumed would not have been ‘normal’ pork product ordered
by the food truck, but uncastrated boar.
o Third, uncastrated boar enters the food chain through completely different channels than pork. Thus, in order for uncastrated boar to end up in the normal pork supply chain, the boar(s) in question must have been cryptorchid (specimen with undescended testicles).
o Fourth, the uncastrated boar in question (cryptorchid) is (or rather was) of a small minority of uncastrated boars that – in addition – must have had elevated androgen levels, which would be abnormal for 6-month-old pigs.
o Fifth, the pork product that the Athlete allegedly ate is pork stomach. Pork stomach, for the purposes of human consumption, is stripped of the inner layer with the consequence that only the outer muscle remains. Even if uncastrated boars do have elevated androgen levels, those are not found in the muscle, but only in specific parts (such as kidneys, testes or liver). Pork stomach, on the contrary, has one of the lowest androgen levels.
o Sixth, the concentration of 19-NA in the Athlete’s urine was 2-3 times higher
than the highest values reported in the scientific literature after the ingestion of
much more significant quantities of meat of mature (uncastrated) boar (differently from the alleged cryptorchid in question that would have been slaughtered after 6 months).
o Seventh, the carbon isotopic signature of the 19-NA detected in the Athlete’s
urine (-23 ‰ ng/mL) is fundamentally inconsistent with the largely corn-based
diet of commercial pigs in the US (-19 ‰ ng/mL).
o Finally, in his expert witness report, Prof McGlone states that the chance of a
cryptorchid ending up in the normal supply chain in the United States is far less than 1 in 10,000.
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- Very classy!
WORLD RECORD ALERT!!!
) - women’s half marathon: 1:02:52!!!
) - Men’s half-marathon: 57:31!!!!