Depending on the area, some private youth clubs can give scholarships or help defray costs for families. It's pretty random, though. Wealthier communities have low cost local programs that don't travel. These are offered through the local school district rec programs. Which, honestly, is fine for kids under 14. There is so much coaching advice on youtube, a super dedicated kid can get some great coaching without leaving their city.
But beyond the $$, having a stay at home parent who can drive you all over WHENEVER really helps.
Socially, kids generally don't enjoy being the only kid without money, or feeling like the only kid whose family doesn't have money. So they may self-select themselves out of expensive travel leagues.
I haven't been reading this thread religiously, but I do just want to say that NCAA recruiting for sports like soccer may be compounding this problem.
From what little I learned officiating women's lacrosse, NCAA recruiting for these 'non-revenue' sports is NOT a meritocracy. Kids from wealthy, 2 parent households tend to get recruited over more talented kids from families not committed or not able to fundraise, donate and organize. "Bubble" kids can also get recruited for their GPA as well. Also, there is not a great recruiting budget for a lot of these teams, so parents who can take their kid all over the country to various national tournaments and promote their own kid have a huge advantage.
Also, I think other countries have semi-pro opportunities for athletes so they can keep active in the sport and get some kind of income. There was a player at the World Cup this year who didn't make the national team until a relatively advanced age, Deniz Undav from Germany. He worked at a factory and played semi-pro, then finally made a pro team, then the national team. I'm not aware of the US having significant semi-pro options, although now that NCAA kids can get NIL money, that is basically a semi-pro opportunity of sorts.
It was not long ago that his manager Julian Nagelsmann called him out openly - but Deniz Undav is proving himself a key player for Germany at the World Cup.
www.bbc.com